UNIX Command: tr [translate]

Syntax:

The syntax of tr command is:

$ tr [OPTION] [SET1] [SET2] 

Examples:

1. Convert lower case to upper case:

$ tr [:lower:] [:upper:]

2. Translate braces into parenthesis

$ tr '{}' '()' < inputfile > outputfile

3. Translate white-space to tabs

$ tr [:space:] '\t'

4. Squeeze repetition of characters using -s

$ tr -s [:space:] '\t'

5. Delete specified (digits) characters using -d option

$ tr -d [:digit:]

6. Complement the sets using -c option

$ tr -cd [:digit:] 

7. Remove all non-printable character from a file

$ tr -cd [:print:] < file.txt 

8. Join all the lines in a file into a single line

$ tr -s '\n' ' ' < file.txt

9. To replace every sequence of one or more new lines with a single new line

$ tr -s '\n' < textfile > newfile

10. To delete all NULL characters from a file

$ tr -d '\0' < textfile > newfile

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